Building design refers to the broadly based architectural, engineering and technical applications to the design of buildings. All building projects require the services of a building designer, typically a licensed architect. Smaller, less complicated projects often do not require a licensed professional, and the design of such projects is often undertaken by building designers, draftspersons, interior designers, or contractors. Larger, more complex building projects require the services of many professionals trained in specialist disciplines, usually coordinated by an architect.

Building Science refers to the study of the physical and environmental factors that affect the performance, durability, and sustainability of buildings. This skill encompasses principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and material science to analyze how buildings interact with their environment. Knowledge of Building Science is used to inform design decisions, improve energy efficiency, and enhance indoor air quality by addressing issues such as moisture control, insulation, and ventilation systems.

Green Building refers to the practice of designing and constructing buildings that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout their life cycle. This skill encompasses knowledge of sustainable materials, energy efficiency, water conservation, and indoor environmental quality, which are utilized to minimize the ecological impact of buildings. Understanding Green Building principles enables the implementation of strategies that reduce energy consumption, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and promote the health and well-being of occupants.

International Building Codes refer to a set of regulations established to ensure the safety, health, and welfare of building occupants. This skill encompasses knowledge of construction standards, materials, and practices that comply with these codes, which are used to guide the design, construction, and renovation of buildings. Understanding International Building Codes enables professionals to ensure compliance during the permitting process, facilitate inspections, and promote safe building practices within various jurisdictions.

Structural Systems refer to the framework that supports and resists loads in buildings and other structures. This skill encompasses the analysis and design of various structural components, such as beams, columns, and foundations, to ensure stability and safety. Knowledge of Structural Systems is used to evaluate material properties, load distributions, and environmental factors, enabling the creation of efficient and resilient structures that meet regulatory standards and functional requirements.