X86 architecture refers to the family of instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 microprocessor. It is a specialized skill that involves understanding the internal workings of the CPU and its interaction with other hardware components. X86 architecture is commonly used in desktops, laptops, and servers, making it an important skill for computer engineers, programmers, and IT professionals. Familiarity with x86 assembly language and tools such as compilers, linkers, and debuggers are necessary to work with x86 architecture.