Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, based on their size and charge. The technique involves placing the nucleic acid sample onto a slab of agarose gel and applying an electric current, which causes the nucleic acids to move through the gel. The nucleic acids can then be visualized and analyzed based on their position in the gel, allowing for the detection and characterization of DNA fragments or RNA transcripts. This technique requires specialized equipment and knowledge to execute correctly.