Flow cytometry is a specialized laboratory technique that measures the physical and chemical characteristics of individual cells or particles in a fluid sample. It is used to analyze and sort cells based on their size, shape, structural and functional features, and other properties. Flow cytometry is widely utilized in medical, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical research, as well as in clinical settings for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Expertise in flow cytometry requires advanced theoretical and practical knowledge, including instrument operation, data analysis, and interpretation.