Genotyping is the process of determining an individual's genetic makeup or DNA sequence, typically by analyzing specific DNA markers. It is a specialized skill that requires advanced training and expertise in molecular biology techniques, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis. Genotyping has a wide range of applications, from identifying genetic disorders to studying the genetic diversity of populations. Accurate genotyping is critical for personalized medicine and disease diagnosis, as well as for advancing our understanding of genetic variation and evolution.