Electrochemical cells are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. The process involves the transfer of electrons from one electrode to another through a medium called an electrolyte. The operation and maintenance of electrochemical cells require specialized knowledge and skills, particularly in the areas of chemistry and electrical engineering. This includes understanding the principles of thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and materials science, as well as the design and operation of cell components such as electrodes, electrolytes, and separators. Proper handling and disposal of electrochemical cells also require specialized expertise to ensure safety and environmental protection.