Material characterization is a specialized skill that involves using various analytical techniques to understand the physical, chemical, and other properties of a material. These techniques include microscopy, spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and others, and are used to determine things like composition, crystal structure, and mechanical properties. This information can then be used to improve the quality and performance of materials in a variety of applications, from manufacturing to medical devices to electronics. Material characterization requires specialized knowledge and training, as well as access to advanced equipment and facilities.