Archaeology is a field that involves studying and analyzing human history and civilization by examining artifacts, structures, and other remains left behind by past societies. It requires knowledge of historical research methods, fieldwork techniques, and analytical skills to interpret findings accurately. Archaeologists often work in multi-disciplinary teams and collaborate with other experts to enhance their understanding of human culture and society in the past. As a job skill, archaeology involves the ability to plan and execute excavation projects, process and analyze artifacts, and interpret findings in the context of historical and cultural knowledge.

Cultural Resource Management refers to the practice of identifying, preserving, and managing cultural resources, including archaeological sites, historic buildings, and traditional landscapes. This skill involves assessing the significance of cultural resources, developing management plans, and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. Knowledge of Cultural Resource Management is used to protect heritage sites, facilitate responsible development, and promote public awareness of cultural heritage.

Historical Archaeology refers to the study of past human societies through the examination of material remains and written records from historically documented periods. It is used to interpret daily life, cultural change, settlement patterns, trade, and interactions among communities in work such as site investigation, heritage assessment, and research analysis. The skill supports the identification, documentation, and interpretation of archaeological evidence to inform historical understanding and resource management.

National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) refers to the body of requirements and practices used to identify, evaluate, and protect historic properties during planning and project review. It is applied in work that assesses whether proposed actions may affect cultural or historic resources and determines the appropriate consultation and documentation steps. The skill is used to support compliance activities, coordinate reviews with relevant parties, and help preserve historic resources in development and environmental decision making.

Prehistoric Archaeology refers to the study of human activity and cultural development during the prehistoric period, prior to written records. This skill involves the excavation, analysis, and interpretation of artifacts, structures, and other physical remains to understand the lifestyles, social structures, and environments of early human societies. Knowledge of Prehistoric Archaeology is used to reconstruct past human behaviors and interactions, contributing to the broader understanding of human history and evolution.